"Kupanda mzere kumatanthauza kuti n'zovuta kuthetsa," adatero Arthur Mattuck, katswiri wa masamu ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).Koma ziyenera kuyankhidwa pamene kusagwirizana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamagetsi, chifukwa zimapanga mafunde a harmonic ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri kugawa mphamvu-ndipo ndizokwera mtengo.Apa, Marek Lukaszczyk, European and Middle East Marketing Manager wa WEG, wopanga padziko lonse lapansi komanso wogulitsa ukadaulo wamagalimoto ndi magalimoto, akufotokoza momwe mungachepetsere ma harmonics pama inverter application.
Nyali za fulorosenti, magetsi osinthira, ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi, zosinthira ndi ma frequency converters.Zonsezi ndi zitsanzo za zipangizo zomwe zili ndi katundu wosagwirizana ndi mzere, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chipangizochi chimatenga magetsi ndi magetsi monga mawonekedwe afupipafupi afupipafupi.Zimasiyana ndi zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi mizere yonyamula mizera—monga ma injini, zotenthetsera m’mlengalenga, ma transformer amene ali ndi mphamvu, ndi mababu a incandescent.Pazinthu zofananira, mgwirizano pakati pa ma voliyumu ndi ma waveform apano ndi sinusoidal, ndipo wapano nthawi iliyonse ndi wofanana ndi voliyumu yowonetsedwa ndi lamulo la Ohm.
Vuto limodzi ndi katundu yense wopanda mzere ndikuti amapanga mafunde a harmonic.Ma Harmonics ndi magawo afupipafupi omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala apamwamba kuposa ma frequency amagetsi, pakati pa 50 kapena 60 Hertz (Hz), ndipo amawonjezeredwa pakali pano.Mafunde owonjezerawa adzasokoneza mawonekedwe amagetsi amagetsi ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake.
Mafunde a Harmonic omwe akuyenda mumagetsi amatha kutulutsa zina zosafunika, monga kupotoza kwamagetsi pamalo olumikizirana ndi katundu wina, komanso kutenthedwa kwa zingwe.Pazifukwa izi, muyeso wathunthu wa kupotoza kwa harmonic (THD) ukhoza kutiuza kuchuluka kwa ma voliyumu kapena kusokonekera komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ma harmonics.
M'nkhaniyi, tiphunzira momwe tingachepetsere ma harmonics muzogwiritsira ntchito ma inverter potengera malingaliro amakampani kuti aziwunika moyenera ndikutanthauzira zochitika zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zamtundu wamagetsi.
UK imagwiritsa ntchito Engineering Recommendation (EREC) G5 ya Energy Network Association (ENA) ngati njira yabwino yoyendetsera kusokoneza kwa ma harmonic m'machitidwe otumizira ndi kugawa maukonde.Mu European Union, malingaliro awa nthawi zambiri amakhala mu malangizo a electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), omwe amaphatikizapo miyezo yosiyanasiyana ya International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), monga IEC 60050. IEEE 519 nthawi zambiri imakhala ya North America, koma ndiyenera kudziwa kuti IEEE 519 imayang'ana kwambiri pamakina ogawa osati zida zapadera.
Miyezo ya harmonic ikatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyerekezera kapena kuyeza, pali njira zambiri zochepetsera kuti zisungidwe m'malire ovomerezeka.Koma kodi malire ovomerezeka ndi otani?
Popeza sizotheka pazachuma kapena zosatheka kuthetseratu ma harmonics onse, pali miyezo iwiri yapadziko lonse ya EMC yomwe imachepetsa kupotoza kwa voteji yamagetsi pofotokoza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi.Ndiwo muyezo wa IEC 61000-3-2, woyenera zida zomwe zidavotera mpaka 16 A (A) ndi ≤ 75 A pagawo, ndi muyezo wa IEC 61000-3-12, woyenera zida zopitilira 16 A.
Malire a ma voltage harmonics ayenera kukhala kusunga THD (V) ya point of common coupling (PCC) pa ≤ 5%.PCC ndi pomwe ma conductor amagetsi amagetsi ogawa magetsi amalumikizidwa ndi ma conductor a kasitomala ndi kufalitsa mphamvu kulikonse pakati pa kasitomala ndi njira yogawa mphamvu.
Malingaliro a ≤ 5% agwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chokhacho chofunikira pamapulogalamu ambiri.Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri, kungogwiritsa ntchito inverter yokhala ndi 6-pulse rectifier ndikulowetsamo kapena Direct current (DC) link inductor ndikokwanira kukwaniritsa malingaliro osokonekera kwambiri.Inde, poyerekeza ndi 6-pulse inverter popanda inductor mu ulalo, ntchito inverter ndi DC kugwirizana inductor (monga WEG mwini CFW11, CFW700, ndi CFW500) akhoza kwambiri kuchepetsa cheza harmonic.
Kupanda kutero, pali zosankha zina zingapo zochepetsera ma harmonics pama inverter application, zomwe tikuwonetsa apa.
Njira imodzi yochepetsera ma harmonics ndikugwiritsa ntchito inverter yokhala ndi 12-pulse rectifier.Komabe, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati transformer yaikidwa kale;kwa ma inverters angapo olumikizidwa ku ulalo womwewo wa DC;kapena ngati kukhazikitsa kwatsopano kumafuna chosinthira choperekedwa ku inverter.Kuphatikiza apo, njira iyi ndiyoyenera mphamvu yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yopitilira 500 kilowatts (kW).
Njira ina ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito 6-pulse active current (AC) drive inverter yokhala ndi zosefera zongolowetsamo.Njira imeneyi akhoza kugwirizanitsa osiyana voteji misinkhu-harmonic voteji pakati sing'anga (MV), mkulu voteji (HV) ndi owonjezera mkulu voteji (EHV) -ndipo amathandiza ngakhale ndi kuthetsa mavuto pa zipangizo makasitomala tcheru.Ngakhale iyi ndi njira yachikhalidwe yochepetsera ma harmonics, imawonjezera kutayika kwa kutentha ndikuchepetsa mphamvu.
Izi zimatifikitsa ku njira yotsika mtengo yochepetsera ma harmonics: gwiritsani ntchito inverter yokhala ndi 18-pulse rectifier, kapena makamaka galimoto ya DC-AC yoyendetsedwa ndi ulalo wa DC kudzera pa 18-pulse rectifier ndi gawo-shifting transformer.The pulse rectifier ndi njira yomweyo kaya ndi 12-pulse kapena 18-pulse.Ngakhale iyi ndi njira yachikhalidwe yochepetsera ma harmonics, chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwake, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati thiransifoma yayikidwa kapena chosinthira chapadera cha inverter chikufunika pakuyika kwatsopano.Mphamvu nthawi zambiri imakhala yoposa 500 kW.
Njira zina zochepetsera ma harmonic zimawonjezera kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu, pamene njira zina zimatha kusintha machitidwe.Yankho labwino lomwe timalimbikitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito zosefera za WEG zokhala ndi ma drive 6-pulse AC.Iyi ndi njira yabwino yothetsera ma harmonics opangidwa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana
Pomaliza, mphamvu ikatha kusinthidwanso ku gridi, kapena ma mota angapo akamayendetsedwa ndi ulalo umodzi wa DC, yankho lina limakhala lokongola.Ndiko kuti, yogwira kutsogolo (AFE) regenerative drive ndi LCL fyuluta amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Pankhaniyi, dalaivala ali ndi rectifier yogwira pa athandizira ndipo ikugwirizana ndi malire analimbikitsa.
Kwa ma inverters opanda ulalo wa DC-monga WEG's own CFW500, CFW300, CFW100 ndi MW500 inverters-kiyi yochepetsera ma harmonics ndi momwe maukonde amachitira.Izi sizimangothetsa vuto la harmonic, komanso zimathetsa vuto la mphamvu zomwe zimasungidwa mu gawo lokhazikika la inverter ndikukhala losagwira ntchito.Mothandizidwa ndi netiweki reactance, high-frequency single-phase inverter yodzazidwa ndi resonant network ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira kusinthika kosinthika.Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti mphamvu yosungidwa mu reactance element ndi yotsika ndipo kupotoza kwa harmonic kumakhala kotsika.
Palinso njira zina zothandiza zothanirana ndi ma harmonics.Chimodzi ndicho kuonjezera chiwerengero cha katundu wa mzere wokhudzana ndi katundu wopanda mzere.Njira ina ndikulekanitsa makina opangira magetsi pazonyamula zozungulira komanso zopanda mzere kuti pakhale malire osiyanasiyana a THD pakati pa 5% ndi 10%.Njirayi ikugwirizana ndi zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa (EREC) G5 ndi EREC G97, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kusokonezeka kwa magetsi a harmonic a zomera ndi zipangizo zopanda mzere komanso zowonongeka.
Njira ina ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito chowongolera chokhala ndi ma pulses ochulukirapo ndikudyetsa mu thiransifoma yokhala ndi magawo angapo achiwiri.Mipikisano yokhotakhota thiransifoma ndi angapo pulayimale kapena sekondale windings akhoza olumikizidwa kwa wina ndi mzake mu mtundu wapadera kasinthidwe kupereka chofunika linanena bungwe voteji mlingo kapena kuyendetsa katundu angapo pa linanena bungwe, potero kupereka njira zambiri kugawa mphamvu Ndi kusinthasintha dongosolo.
Potsirizira pake, pali ntchito yokonzanso galimoto ya AFE yotchulidwa pamwambapa.Ma drive a Basic AC sangangowonjezeke, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sangathe kubweza mphamvu ku gwero lamagetsi-izi sizokwanira, chifukwa m'mapulogalamu ena, kubwezeretsa mphamvu zomwe zabwezedwa ndikofunikira.Ngati mphamvu yobwezeretsa ikufunika kubwezeredwa ku gwero la mphamvu ya AC, iyi ndi ntchito yoyendetsa galimoto.Ma rectifiers osavuta amasinthidwa ndi ma inverters a AFE, ndipo mphamvu zitha kubwezeretsedwanso motere.
Njirazi zimapereka njira zosiyanasiyana zolimbana ndi ma harmonics ndipo ndizoyenera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya machitidwe ogawa mphamvu.Koma amathanso kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso mtengo wake pazantchito zosiyanasiyana komanso kutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi.Zitsanzozi zikuwonetsa kuti malinga ngati teknoloji yolondola ya inverter ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, vuto lopanda mzere silidzakhala lovuta kuthetsa.
For more information, please contact: WEG (UK) LtdBroad Ground RoadLakesideRedditch WorcestershireB98 8YPT Tel: +44 (0)1527 513800 Email: info-uk@weg.net Website: https://www.weg.net
Njira ndi kuwongolera Masiku ano sizimakhudza zomwe zatumizidwa kapena zopangidwa kunja ndi zithunzi.Dinani apa kuti mutitumizire imelo yotidziwitsa za zolakwika zilizonse zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi.